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1 state agricultural experiment station
Agriculture: SAESУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > state agricultural experiment station
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2 state field station
Agriculture: SFSУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > state field station
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3 state, character
தன்மை -
4 Agriculture
Historically, Portugal's agricultural efficiency, measured in terms of crop yields and animal productivity, has been well below that of other European countries. Agricultural inefficiency is a consequence of Portugal's topography and climate, which varies considerably from north to south and has influenced farm size and farming methods. There are three major agricultural zones: the north, center, and south. The north (the area between the Douro and Minho Rivers, including the district of Trás-os-Montes) is mountainous with a wet (180-249 cm of rainfall/year), moderately cool climate. It contains about 2 million hectares of cultivated land excessively fragmented into tiny (3-5 hectares) family-owned farms, or minifúndios, a consequence of ancient settlement patterns, a strong attachment to the land, and the tradition of subdividing land equally among family members. The farms in the north produce the potatoes and kale that are used to make caldo verde soup, a staple of the Portuguese diet, and the grapes that are used to make vinho verde (green wine), a light sparkling white wine said to aid the digestion of oily and greasy food. Northern farms are too small to benefit from mechanization and their owners too poor to invest in irrigation, chemical fertilizers, or better seeds; hence, agriculture in the north has remained labor intensive, despite efforts to regroup minifúndios to increase farm size and efficiency.The center (roughly between the Douro and the Tagus River) is bisected by the Mondego River, the land to either side of which is some of the most fertile in Portugal and produces irrigated rice, corn, grapes, and forest goods on medium-sized (about 100 hectares) farms under a mixture of owner-cultivation and sharecropping. Portugal's center contains the Estrela Mountains, where sheep raising is common and wool, milk, and cheese are produced, especially mountain cheese ( Queijo da Serra), similar to French brie. In the valley of the Dão River, a full-bodied, fruity wine much like Burgundy is produced. In the southern part of the center, where the climate is dry and soils are poor, stock raising mixes with cereal crop cultivation. In Estremadura, the area north of Lisbon, better soils and even rainfall support intensive agriculture. The small farms of this area produce lemons, strawberries, pears, quinces, peaches, and vegetables. Estremadura also produces red wine at Colares and white wine at Buçelas.The south (Alentejo and Algarve) is a vast rolling plain with a hot arid climate. It contains about 2.6 million hectares of arable land and produces the bulk of Portugal's wheat and barley. It also produces one of Portugal's chief exports, cork, which is made from bark cut from cork oaks at nine-year intervals. There are vast groves of olive trees around the towns of Elvas, Serpa, and Estremoz that provide Portugal's olives. The warm climate of the Algarve (the most southern region of Portugal) is favorable for the growing of oranges, pomegranates, figs, and carobs. Almonds are also produced. Farms in the south, except for the Algarve, are large estates (typically 1,000 hectares or more in size) known as latifúndios, worked by a landless, wage-earning rural work force. After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, these large estates were taken over by the state and turned into collective farms. During the 1990s, as the radicalism of the Revolution moderated, collectivized agriculture was seen as counterproductive, and the nationalized estates were gradually returned to their original owners in exchange for cash payments or small parcels of land for the collective farm workers.Portugal adopted the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) when it joined the European Union (EU) in 1986. The CAP, which is based on the principles of common pricing, EU preferences, and joint financing, has shifted much of Portugal's agricultural decision making to the EU. Under the CAP, cereals and dairy products have experienced declines in prices because these are in chronic surplus within the EU. Alentejo wheat production has become unprofitable because of poor soils. However, rice, tomatoes, sunflower, and safflower seed and potatoes, as well as Portuguese wines, have competed well under the CAP system. -
5 agriculture secretary
English-Russian big medical dictionary > agriculture secretary
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6 State Agriculture and Forestry Committee
• maatalous-metsätieteellinen toimikuntaEnglish-Finnish dictionary > State Agriculture and Forestry Committee
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7 Washington State Potato Commission
Agriculture: WSPCУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Washington State Potato Commission
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8 the ship of state
гocудapcтвeнный кopaбль, гocудapcтвo (oбыкн. упoтp. c гл. to steer) During the Agriculture Ministry Dispute, the White House released photos of midnight strategy sessions held by the President and his advisers, thus reminding American voters whose steady hand steers the ship of state (Time). If I did not honestly believe that I am needed by my country to steer the ship of state, I would not have done what I have done - saved myself from disaster by a clever trick (A. Christie) -
9 Iowa State University
Находится в г. Эймсе. Основан в 1858 как Колледж агрономии и механизации сельского хозяйства штата Айовы [Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanics]. Более 20 тыс. студентовEnglish-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Iowa State University
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10 Kansas State University
Находится в г. Манхэттене. Основан в 1863 как Колледж сельского хозяйства и прикладных наук штата Канзас [Kansas State College of Agriculture and Applied Science], в этих областях сохраняет лидирующие позиции. Около 14 тыс. студентовEnglish-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Kansas State University
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11 Michigan State University
сокр MSUНаходится в г. Ист-Лансинге. Основан в 1855 как Колледж сельского хозяйства и прикладных наук штата Мичиган [Michigan State College of Agriculture and Applied Science]; стал первым в мире специализированным сельскохозяйственным колледжем. В настоящее время имеет высокий рейтинг, хотя иногда его презрительно называют "университетом му-у" [U Moo] и "коровьим колледжем" ["cow college"]. Здесь больше студентов, чем где-либо в стране, получают стипендию "За национальные заслуги" [ National Merit Scholarship]. Оказывает существенную помощь в решении проблем городов штата через свой Институт экспериментальных исследований урбанизации [Urban Experimental Research Institute]. Более 33 тыс. студентов. Библиотека насчитывает более 2,8 млн. томовEnglish-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Michigan State University
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12 New Mexico State University
сокр NMSUУниверситет штата [ state university]. Находится в г. Лас-Крусес [ Las Cruces], шт. Нью-Мексико. Основан в 1888 как колледж Лас-Крусеса [Las Cruces College] квакером [ Quakers] Х. Хэдли [Hadley, Hiram]. В 1889 получил статус колледжа на дарованной земле [ land grant college] по закону Морилла [ Morrill Act] (1862), сменив название на Колледж сельского хозяйства и технических наук Нью-Мексико [New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts]; современное название и статус университета с 1960. Исследовательские учреждения, в том числе Лаборатория генной инженерии растений [Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory], обсерватория Апачи-Пойнт [Apache Point Observatory] (один из крупнейших в мире телескопов). Около 26,2 тыс. студентов (2004)English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > New Mexico State University
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13 Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service
орг.сокр. CSREES гос. упр., амер. Кооперативная служба исследований, образования и развития в сельском хозяйстве* ( входит в структуру Министерства сельского хозяйства США)See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service
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14 colloidal state
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15 National Association of State Departments of Agriculture
сокр. NASDA Национальная ассоциация сельскохозяйственных департаментов штатов (некоммерческая, непартийная организация, объединяющая департаменты сельского хозяйства каждого штата, а также Пуэрто-Рико, Гуама, Восточного Самоа и Американских Виргинских островов)Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > National Association of State Departments of Agriculture
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16 National Association of State Departments of Agriculture
орг.сокр. NASDA c.-х., упр. Национальная ассоциация сельскохозяйственных департаментов штатов (государственная некоммерческая организация, объединяющая департаменты сельского хозяйства всех штатов, а также Пуэрто-Рико, Гуама, Восточного Самоа и Американских Виргинских островов)Англо-русский экономический словарь > National Association of State Departments of Agriculture
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17 Institute of International Agriculture, Michigan State University
Общая лексика: Институт мирового сельского хозяйства, Мичиганский университет (США)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Institute of International Agriculture, Michigan State University
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18 oblast Territorial Inspection of the State Inspection Committee in the Agricultural Sector of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > oblast Territorial Inspection of the State Inspection Committee in the Agricultural Sector of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan
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19 National Association of State Departments of Agriculture
Veterinary medicine: NASDAУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > National Association of State Departments of Agriculture
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20 Minister
m; -s, -; POL. minister (+ Gen of, for); eines Hauptministeriums in GB: Secretary of State (for), in den USA: Secretary (of)* * *der MinisterSecretary of State; Secretary; minister* * *Mi|nịs|ter [mi'nɪstɐ]1. m -s, -, Mi|nis|te|rin[-tərɪn]2. f -, -nen (POL)minister (Brit) (für of), secretary (für for)* * *Mi·nis·ter(in)<-s, ->[miˈnɪstɐ]\Minister für Landwirtschaft/Verteidigung Secretary of State for Agriculture/Defence BRIT, Secretary of Agriculture/Defense AM, Agriculture/Defence Minister BRIT, Agriculture/Defense Secretary AM\Minister des Äußeren/Inneren (geh) Minister for Foreign/Internal Affairs BRIT, Secretary of State for Foreign/Home Affairs BRIT, Foreign/Home Secretary BRIT, Secretary of State/Secretary of the Interior AM\Minister ohne Geschäftsbereich minister without portfolio* * *der; Ministers, Minister: minister ( für for); (eines britischen Hauptministeriums) Secretary of State ( für for); (eines amerikanischen Hauptministeriums) Secretary ( für of)* * *Minister m; -s, -; POL minister (+gen of, for); eines Hauptministeriums in GB: Secretary of State (for), in den USA: Secretary (of)* * *der; Ministers, Minister: minister ( für for); (eines britischen Hauptministeriums) Secretary of State ( für for); (eines amerikanischen Hauptministeriums) Secretary ( für of)* * *- m.minister n.
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